we have sometimes chatted about the nature of an authoritative source in a highly fragmented world. if there is any one news organization in the united states that still probably has that as part of its dna, it is "the new york times." what about where there are tens of thousands of highly publicized publications on every imaginable topic? >> i think the nature of authority has not changed. quite frankly, i think it is about accuracy and calling out your own mistakes when you make and having experienced people on the ground who don't parachute into a story but come in knowing the landscape of a

story, and i think that is not any less important. quite frankly, there are places like that. think about how many news organizations today have bureaus around the country or bureaus around the world, where people actually work and live, in egypt or in other places, so i think , and the joyhanged of the digital air is the speed and the reach and the ability to take in point of view very and bring that into some story. it is a remarkable opportunity for us all. the downside is clear. sudden, everybody is

looking at the photo of the boston bomber. theybody knows who is boston bomber. he has been clearly identified. the only problem is it is not him, because it swept through the world so fast, and that kind of accuracy is critical. especially when decisions are being made so fast. >> ok, let's go back for a moment. during your interview, you spoke quite enthusiastically about the local journalism effort. since the interview, a bunch of things have been announced, and the main thing is that you have decided to sort of downsize the operation. ? what isalk about why the nature of photojournalism, and why is it so hard? >> sure.

that we rolled out to 900 communities across the u.s., and basically the theory was what he just talked about, the authoritative nature of global journalism, and from a platform perspective basically, you have major publications and news not getting invested at the same level at the town where i live, and this was a very aggressive standpoint that local people living in local communities would want local information and that it is important to them. i think what we have seen in the past week, we have gone from zero to 18 million unique visitors in patch in the 900 towns. risk as a public company to do it, because patch has been more looked at in the

investment community as something you should do privately, but my -- our theory is that there was a massive disruption going on in the news and that there would be lots of consumer interest, lots of business interest, and from a standpoint, we should do a man grabbed, essentially, after that audience, and what we learned over the summer is basically taking the 500 that have business models, and there are 400 that have traffic, where we do not have the business model or sales there, so we were going to partner with other companies, and since we announced that, we basically have 10 or 15 large companies that have off-line newspapers, television stations around the area where we have patches. best gdpin 900 of the communities around the country. traffice equal or more than the large properties do in

those regions, so there is a lot with patch. the standpointm of, you know, an investment that matters, an investment in the communities in the united is probably the biggest investment in states and local communities, and i think that patch will continue to go on post partnership or post whatever we do with patch. there is such an acute need for information locally, so you will probably see us do partnerships. owns somel probably of the patches, and we will do partnerships, but i would say as investors put a lot of energy into patch, which i think was really good for the country. peoplehad more newspaper stop me to say, oh my gosh, it

was great that you guys are going to be more aggressive. fuel thek patch helped local community information but also journalism in local communities. >> thanks. caroline, i do not know if you read the interview, but there was a study, and what was is that the toughest problems economically are on the and many of your members are on the local side. can you talk about that now? you have heard him talk about patch from a newspaper perspective. is this as the study suggests? >> the numbers about the top 200 metro areas have the tougher time, and smaller than that, it

is actually stronger. 200 is a big number. coververy difficult to what companies covered in the past, given the pressures and the dramatic cut in advertising. there is just no question for it, and often times, the newspaper, not just regarding patch, but a study showed that are tv,ll media stories radio, cable, starting in the newspapers, so -- >> can you point to areas of innovation? what are the bright spots? tim talked about in his set up the innovation and getting it the next day, and then we were are seeingwe evidence of that when we look out at the landscape. actually losing their

baby teeth. >> hindsight is always 2020, right? but think about it. we have a small garden, right, and if you wanted to advertise shoes in washington, you had to advertise in the washington post, and if you wanted to i shoes, you had to look at the washington post. we sort of a approached it as you have got to sell a lot of banner ads, and maybe that will make up for it? obviously, facetiously, that does not work, and we sort of figured that out. we are looking at a lot of different revenue streams and made a huge change, even in the last five years. there are digital agencies that have been started by agencies, conferences, and nietzsche publications -- niche

itlications, and we thought go up for the first time last year, 23% print and digital so i think, and, again, it is not a one-size-fits-all. yorkworks for "the new not work for another, and you have to know your market, but there is innovation going on. >> we have not gotten to cavities yet. thinking innovation, and it is really exciting. >> says speaking at which, arthur, there was talk about internationalization of the brand. >> right. >> i do not think there has ever been a newspaper that has been a truly international paper.

obviously, the iht. were talking about something much larger when we are talking andt the new york times, this was translated into revenue , which has proven to be difficult. what is the model that you're thinking about when you go model -- global with a u.s. news brand? healthhe international "the news owned by york times," and we will be ringing back a brand that existed in the 1950's and 1960's . this is a digital play. iht.com, youo ended up at the nytimes.com.

is the international community that we believe is out there for a general news newspaper. journal" andeet others have been doing that. it is going to be an exciting opportunity for us. first in china. has shutse government us down for about a year now. but that really does speak to our core value. we knew it was going to cause heartache for us in a business we just started. this was the value proposition of "the times."

we did what we thought we needed to do in running that story. and when i travel, it is clear there is a lot more to reach our international potential. international "new york times" is just an example. for example, if you want to , it is an easy example. and martin has heard this story. china just prior to the deal with the chinese language website, i met with a couple of chinese generals. began ourestingly,

conversation by talking in a very angry way. we had just begun to charge for the web, and the problem was that every morning she would wake up, and the first thing she would do was go to the website to see what happened, and it turns out we did not accept a certain credit cards. general, first thing in the morning, she would go to and thatyork times," is the changing nature of the world. just wanted to follow-up on the other end of that. i want to just go down the road

with that for a second. we talked in the interview about that people and the notion young people do not seem to be as willing to pay for content on the web. music was a good example of that , and as, frankly, the off-line media product. think that as young people, mature, they would be willing to pay for a digital subscription to "the new york times"? showing ad more are willingness to pay for experiences they value on the web, thank you, steve jobs, right? games,ovide to buy something you find of value, so that is changing, but the second

thing is let's not pretend to believe that 14-year-olds by newspapers. they did not, and they never will. they come to newspapers when they find a value equation. when they get a first job, or and they have a family, what they are offering, and public schools, and engaging with the community in a different way, and absolutely, i think that those things are coming together. tim, i want to go to your content strategy, because it is really interesting. you create content, and then you sell access, providing access to your audience. can you explain how you will make the decision between what you will cover and what other people should cover? how do you do that? >> it is a simplistic way.

that we have a theory that most people care about a limited set of things. month, and i will underline something. as people become older, time becomes more valuable as well, so people start spending more time on things that matter more than they are willing to pay for things. most human-based company in terms of the content area that we focus on, so we have picked which is 80%, based on women, 80% based on onluencers, and 80% based either local or glover in terms thelobal in terms of economy and what people care about, so we put a filter on the

categories and try to make decisions based on where we are ,oing to have huge influence and i will give you an example. i am heading out tomorrow are 3000 of there the most influential engineers in the country, in the world there right now. major ceo's will be there, for anyonend it is interested in the technology space. the influencer space, that we have a major, major online share and that we can be successful from a journalism and monetary standpoint. that is the first generation of our content strategy. get these spaces to be the second isnd to build out massive partnership networks around the area.

as people know the huffington gadgets, and what we have has been to build a massive item. we service about 40,000 publishers now with video, with advertising, with content sharing, those things, so, you know, i fundamentally believe that technology will not change humans, that humans would change technology, and the first generations of the web have been about people figuring things out, and they will go to what they most care about. and last year, i had our college interns, and i got their feedback on the company, and last summer, i asked them, what are the changing patterns you are having as a college student? there were three patterns, and one is that they are following fewer things, like twitter. and the second is that they are

following influential rants, and --e new york times" influential brands, and they are changing their personal profile on the web. they do not want to their personal profile to be dictated by a giant social network that has all kinds of information about them, so many of them have started to migrate information have solid, to profiles of themselves, not for jobs but just to have that isel, so our content area investing in the most important areas of journalism, information, and content, and the giant b2b network around it, and people who want information for their lives, and that is pretty much what we do. >> and the huffington post, is huffingtonble? >> post is a triple play for us.

we started a thing called , and thereturdays was a blogger that talked about withpost light, and huffington post, you have a global news platform now. i think they are going to be a global information source. yours are in language, right? you do in language? and, arthur, are you doing in language? >> we are still producing it. >> huffington post is a trusted brand. people want news every day on a global basis.

something that looked like it could be ignited by more resources, more globalization, and when the pope was elected, we had huffington post basically putting real-time information on the huffington post u.s., and i think we had some of the most unique of rich, and there are a lot of other examples of that. huffington post fits into that content strategy. >> ok, i think we are going to and to the audience now, there are ground rules that we have been asked to assess for you, and one is that both questioners must identify themselves. >> accurately. >> yes, accurately. [laughter] are no speeches, and the third is questions and with

, and that isrk what it says, so we have a for you our microphones. have four- we microphones. >> i am formally with a group, and i am struggling with this way of how you find news, and one of the things i worry about is the content that the reporters are putting out there. i ammount of times, worried that this is shrinking. is that inevitable that we will go to shorter, punchier stories and not get quite as many other things? there is no question that on the breaking news stories, for

everybody, there is the boston bombing, and my colleagues at "the globe" know this. during the presidential elections, we had better ratings. people are coming to news organizations now for video content for the immediate delivery. all of that said, are we still journalism?he absolutely, and i will use snowfall as a great example of how you can create this, where a journalist will spend a year working on a story, and you can integrate video and graphics, and you can turn it into an experience like what we used to

be able to do in the old days. i think it really does depend on the story. this is why, quite frankly, we still need to invest. david was in the same car with me. he was going to yale for some teaching, and he was talking about the washington bureau he joined in 11 years ago and the washington bureau he is a part of now, and it is younger, more vibrant, and there is a lot more diversity, and because we have videographers, we have the technical teams that are there to support, and it is still a very, very powerful operation. >> i just want to ask one question with respect to the huffington post, and that is how much of your stuff is now read on smart phones, mobile devices,

and how it does that change that? traffic 30% or so of that is mobile. people actually consume more news with mobile. if you take the new york times, and if you look at somebody who reads the newspaper. once you read newspaper, do they do not switch their consumption 100% to mobile. they add consumption. if you looked at the pew research, people technically added about 30%. one thing that is a little cloudy on the web right now is that there is this model of audio development, where people are writing stories. journalism,re is and he basically talks a lot about that, writing stories that

are so horrific that it would make people cry. hard news. >> buzz feed. >> critical buzz feed. that is what is happening. you have companies competing. you do not have arthur's brand, so you need to do thanks to gain traffic, so they will be, just aggressive ind, putting quality together. >> did you want to weigh in on that? >> the only thing i will say is i think there has been a huge shift in content, and a port from -- apart from smaller newsrooms, a paper would send 15 people to the olympics, a bunch of them. is that really necessary? we are seeing a lot more information about audiences, and a number of newspapers are collapsing for breaking news on newspaper tv

newsroom, but then really investing on the investigative side and being much more specific about the areas they are going to invest in from an investigative side, so i think that whole area is changing. >> ok, my apologies. >> my name is jason gray. i am a graduate student. first, i want to thank you for being here. it is an incredible opportunity. i want to follow up on the local journalism. my question is about what makes it work and what does not, and there is a reference that in some cities or areas, it is profitable, and in other areas, it is not so much. what makes it work when it does, and what should that mean for us and the future of the journal? i think a lot of it is trust

and authenticity. newspaper hat on, people still trust newspapers, and you hear about somebody in a community, and that is a lot different than somebody who does is where think that the baseline is really for understanding a community. >> ok, thank you. >> hello. i am a junior at the college studying statistics, and i am the campus editor for the harvard political review, and even that has changed from the print publication to now. the culture has changed. is likedering what it culture wise and what you look of in journalists in terms skills that are involved in the organization. video, sork times has

many things that are on the site. at "theit like working new york times" now as opposed to previously? >> doing a lot of hiring at times and in the newsroom, the agree that but let's as an industry, engineer's, that not focus on fast enough, the need to have engineers building the systems that we are now using, building the tools that we are now using, and that is where the most challenging hiring is for us still, getting those engineers in. as we think about the new product development that we are creating. we are in the middle.

why should we be offering the new york times? and that is it, so we are going , and ite new products has a working title aimed at a younger audience, giving a different experience, and, yes, we have people from the traditional advertising sales, but highly engineered, because it is going to have to be a different experience. it is going to have to be a , so that isperience where i think we probably missed the beach, but, clearly, our , hiring and training. the journalists on the web are the ones that are able to become a part of that spirit, and they have been doing it well for a long time.

we need more of that. and we are all doing it. and to your point earlier, this is on the large screen in your office. there fors a lot out us. >> tim, who were those interns you were talking about? intern system.g i have to do this myself. there are two pieces of advice. one is that you have to use the platforms themselves, and i think journalism is in a new stage, and you cannot be a journalist if you do not understand the platform and where things are going, and the

second thing that i think is not a bad idea is instead of pulling up a chair next to another journalist, every time you go to sit down, pull up a chair next to an engineer. one of the things that i thought was impressive was that the journalists and the engineers sat together, and in many places around aol, the engineers sat with the engineers, and the journalists sat with the journalists, and huffington post helped us to rethink that process, and in silicon valley, i spent 20 years going back and forth between silicon valley and new york, and that is a more collaborative type of environment. what are the five fastest growing technology platforms for journalists, and do you have a count on it? essentially, i need to know it, and it is really important. >> good. over here then.

and ilo, my name is ben, am a harvard alum. there was a series called house of cards, and they did the bold decision to release all of the episodes at one time. they are playing with when to use time effectively. limitede begun to give interviews, and then there are longer interviews in the morning shows, like "the today show." how are you experimenting with more investigative reporting and having a unbilled or release of the content, or to parcel it out and to engage viewers? >> well, i think we are all experimenting. >> there was a terrible tragedy that took lace skiing, a mountain in washington state, i

think, and when we printed it, it was a full section. web was sonce on the powerful, because of all of the unless you go and see this, you cannot possibly do it when you are reading about this woman who was skiing, and all of a sudden, she was caught up in the avalanche, and the next thing you know, she is under the snow, and, oh, by the way, there is the video of her talking about it, right there, and it brings it to life. we have put stories of it on the web.

you mentioned earlier about devices, changing the way people do it, and you're absolutely right. there are people that are coming to stories at 9:00 at night. peoplevable, because want to see what is in so we justpaper, have to see, and i am one of them. and -- in a very astute way, i think netflix took what had been historically set up and said, human beings probably would behave differently if you gave them the content all at once, so and oneughtful way, you cannote inside,

"sportscenter" by being five percent better, and in order to do that, you have to be disruptive. what you do is actually a .isruption what we are working on is distribution of google, facebook. those people. another way to be disruptive about content and how is actually using partners to do it. a multi tiered strategy. , and they have done an amazing job.

>> we have come full circle to this microphone. >> hi, my name is selena, and i am a junior in the college, interested in broadcast journalism, and there are so many organizations now that offer news videos online. future? you see the look at the, if you consumption patterns of how people use phones and tablets and those things, the fact of the matter is the average television show took half an hour of content with eight minutes of commercials, and when you watch how people basically use the web and platforms in general, i think in a disruptive way, a faster way we give people times of information, so i think

the advent and the scale of faster, higher quality content overall, and from a duration standpoint, people still want trusted brands and trusted people. as much as the world seems like it is user generated content, when you look at what they are following, they are not randomly and i just met with somebody who is really well onwn with off-line content friday, and i asked her why she thought she was successful, and she said she tells people what a want. i think the future of television and web video together is going to be a very highly curated, time-basedtive thing, almost like being netflix example, about how much you can get in a time period.

>> hi. aam with the college and also photographer for the harvard political review. i was interested in your and the good that you mentioned about the chinese woman who read the new york times every day. how have your publications changed to be able to convince readers to worldwide read your respected publications, and similarly, how maintain theged to national readers? for example, why should i read huffington post or the new york times as opposed to going to tour spiegel -- der spiegel or something else? >> as i mentioned, we are going to be rebranding the tribune, and part of that is further tightening the journalistic ties, so we will have a newsroom in london and paris and hong

kong and new york, and the news we are looking at is a 24-hour news cycle, and when people are asleep in new york and waking up asia, we want the ability for them to come to the site and have a more tailored to the asian point of view. are not going to change, but we will put different stories in and all oflaces, this goes with the fact that more and more people tend to create the content experience they value. sports, theyut care about politics, they can put that higher. it is about that adaptation, as well.

it is going to be an ongoing issue as we learn more and more how to do this. no question. strategy is to partner, and the international editions and a large media partner, we believe that we are getting kind of the best of the huffington post, the best of and is actually local, think it is really competitive, and we plan on competing. is part of what you are getting at that there is a political part to this as well as a journalistic side? i do not know. point. is an important one of the challenges is how do

we make sure that we are not just getting the new york point of view? to make sure that we are giving people a broader brett than that. >> caroline? >> i think that is one of the beautiful things about the internet. you can go to the guardian and the new york times, and you can get a lot. times" can cover things differently than "the guardian." >> thank you. >> hi, i am asking this question on behalf of of the john f. kennedy junior forum committee. with regard to social media, how have you viewed it, he does many complex ideas cannot be condensed to 140 characters. doesat a hindrance, or

this click, and the sharing capacity overrules any sort of negative effects of social media? thank you. free to answer? >> whoever has any thoughts. >> twitter? >> i think twitter is like captions with a photograph. if it is engaging, you're going to go find more about what somebody has to say. sometimes it is i am going to say what i think and get in trouble later. it is like with captions. a tool for getting information in as well as getting information out, and the challenge to the journalists is to be able to sift through the toormation you are getting make generally a complex story understandable.

hopefully, i would say the next generation of the web, people talk about this right now, what started as a feeder for information quickly, now they are building in more infrastructure in twitter, so one of the things that is developing is to build more inclusive pieces of content built inside of twitter, so you not only get the link, but you can have a longer experience, and where twitter is today or where twitter or facebook will be in the future, i assume they will build out their distribution capabilities. i think you are going to see other things get longer. and a lot of journalists use twitter for source material. >> and let's not pretend this is new. this is something that newspapers, journalists have had to deal with for decades.

wason't remember what it like when all of a sudden you andd pick up the telephone, you were not dealing with your source one on one, and it had a big impact. over a wire. and then go back even further, the telegraph, because in the late 1850's, written in the newspaper, just witnessing the death of newspapers. but he said literature will survive, but not newspapers. he had just met the telegraph, and what they did not understand is that, no, that is going to feed information in. that we're all getting better and better at using. that has gonesion on for a while. >> hi.

bename is -- i will presenting the official twitter question for tonight's forum. the question primarily addresses actually -- it goes off of what somebody asked a few questions ago, when you guys were looking at a different angle based on what you like online, this question more addresses because of the combination of huffington post and a oh well, you now have the opportunity to expose aliens of people who may not be using the internet to obtain news. you are now able to feed them political information. you go about choosing, not necessarily, the people going on aol or the huffington post but how you basically choose the political angle in which you shared this information? so aol and huffington post, basically there are a lot of stories on huffington post and aol, and there will continue to

be. you can also customize the news that you want overall. thing i would say is that huffington post started with more of a political angle. looking through the huffington post, over time, there have been , and withorms set up theregton post, if you go on a daily basis, there is a pretty wide range of views. brands, andferent by using huffington post, we feel it is one of the best news sources in the world to offer aol users, but we also offer aol users a lot of other choices as well, and i think from the standpoint of opportunity, this is different than where a lot of our competitors are going.

a lot of competitors are going to feed based, where there are a lot of feeds. there is no voice. and we have opinions, will be doing that overall, so we try to give people multiple views and multiple voices. we really like the huffington post, and users really like the huffington post. we offer that to aol users, but we give them a choice of what news sources they want. >> thank you. >> hi, my name is -- i am a sophomore, and i work with sam and paul on the political review. years, we have seen an amazing increase in the ways you can do news. you can do it interactive, photos, diagram, and even with the boston marathon, there was an interactive with how it

happened, while they were describing how it happened, so what do you see in place of the written news article in the face of journalism? preface arthur's comment. i think the written word provides a lot of context that something immediate like an image or a video cannot provide. if you read, as i was reading the report having to do with this conference, there is a lot of context of their that nothing other than the written word can really convey, so i think it is context more than anything else. so if you think about the technology changes of the last internet is the

first one to bring it back to the written word. radio took it away from the written word. television took it further away from the written word, and the internet, that gave us the ability to integrate the written word back in. actually a newsstand for a number of reasons, because the technology does give you the in all of theage methods, and what we are learning over and over again. it is integrated with each other. >> great. i think we are. again up here. >> good evening. my name is -- and i am a freshman in college, and mr. armstrong, i believe, earlier, if i did interpret it correctly, you said not just anyone can be a journalist.

i interpretedif it, but what about bloggers, and how have they disrupted professional media? and like really how are journalists working to go around these people who might just sit at home and steal news from different websites? anyone can be a journalist if they want to be a journalist, but i think at the end of the day, consumers are smart. i think over a period of time, they actually know who is feeding them consistent, real information. you guys have got hundreds of thousands of digital subscribers. >> yes, we do. there wass is that content that people did not want to pay for, and people did not have that ability, and i think from a disruptive standpoint, taking a step back, what you see

happening in the blogging community overall across the like at is people almost netflix example of people taking advantage of situations to be disruptive to gain audiences. to basically disrupt the publicationslow to . the reality is if i go back to history, newspapers in new york city, and if you read the hearst book, you see something inside of those books, which is something happening right now, people using different forms of content, bloggers, twitter feed, people's flow to gain audience, and there is a difference between audience

development and journalism. what happens is they turn it into journalism. it started off as disruptive, disruptive, disruptive. said, let's move more towards journalism, and there are 15 great examples of those. i think bloggers can be very youtube, for on instance, if you look at the number of people on youtube who have looked at the categories so i thinksruptive, there is a very big opportunity for people to be disruptive. >> this expand their footprint, and the journalist brand is a subject they have to spend more and more time dealing with.

>> we have time for one more question, and i will turn to this microphone. hi, i am a freshman at harvard college. there is sort of a lot of talk , for example, like 5 billion people in the coming wondering i am just how that might change the target audience for online journalism. >> that is a great question. arthur? >> right now, we have roughly over one billion people online. what she is saying is in their

book, they talked about 5 billion people. youroes that change approach to content journalism? >> it is a great question and a great opportunity. , and 1.5 years ago, what was the largest country outside the u.s. where people were coming to times"? york imes"ming to the "ny t digitally, after the u.s., , but you get.k. the thought, english language, right?

outside the u.s., china was number one, and that was before we did the chinese language website. that was huge. the possibilities of our growth, that peopleities cannot get in other certain places, it really speaks to the opportunities, i think. worldn you look at the today of the internet, there are a lot of people working with satellites, things that largely increased the broadband arebilities, so while they going to come online, coming .nline with a higher bandwidth >> it just accelerates the integration for storytelling purposes. takewish we had time to

all of the questions, but we don't, so now, i want to itroduce a member to wrap all up. >> it is great for the three of us to be back here. especially alex and others. if we have intrigued you, go to digital riptide or the other and i do not think john scared uto much. search all of it and read any part, or you can watch the video. themselves,ing for you will be engaged and will learn. the 60 some, in

interviews if you're having insomnia trouble, but i am not going to tell you which ones, so you'll have to hunt for them yourselves. four are exempted. riptide is meant to be that. but it was not a pessimistic discussion. and it is not a pessimistic conclusion, and we are not pessimistic about the future of news. if we look back and talk to people, what we found was most true, there was what had already happened in the past, and we pretty much agreed on what was clear. one of the things was do not be nostalgic. it is easy to be nostalgic about what we have lost. written inady been several thousand articles. it was not always great. there were many, many flaws.

and many areas that just were not covered at all, not enough diversity. we went to interview people and did not find the kind of diversity we would like. digital disruption has exacerbated it. nostalgic about the past, and there are great examples today. across the board, great journalism. are a couple of things about the past that are important. one is the original sin. it was this idea that mostly had martin and arthur not giving away the news for free. over the longok term. that was not the case. if everybody who had news had not given it away for free

disruption,digital the model, giving it away for was one at reuters and yahoo!, and he gave it away for free in a different business and him -- that's where the genie out of the bottle. you heard that journalists and engineers were sitting together. it was a highly engineered project -- product when referring to need to know. one of the things news organizations did not need -- did not do and seem to be doing now and are learning, you have to collaborate with engineers. those who have built the biggest platforms online our engineering-driven companies. most of them not only have engineers, the engineers are in charge. most traditional media companies

did not have them, could not hire them, and they certainly did not put them in charge. what is a lot less clear, even to the three of us after all of this, what is going to happen next? journalism going to get paid for since the subsidy of advertising has been ripped away and we have gone, at best, from analog dollars for much of that expression of digital dimes? there are a lot of predictions about the future of news. we did not have a full consensus either among the three of us. that is why we built riptide as a web-based platform. we hope others here at harvard pick up on it. voices andt more interviews get shared so we can see documenting of what is coming and what has happened. even as we finished our draft of the essay -- arthur sold the boston globe to john henry. "the post" was sold by the

gram's and company to jeff bezos . more changes coming, we are sure of that. or as an aspect to riptide that is -- there is an aspect to riptide where no two people agree on what happened. we had a believe when we started that was confirmed as we went. if you went after the right people, you could get close enough to understand what happened and to learn about what might happen next. we tried to do that in the project. understanding how journalism is going to continue and thrive is really important. it is part of the ideal that is embodied here in the kennedy for him -- kennedy forum. -- thattion that will does hang out there and wasn't answered tonight -- are we going to find ways --

as effectively as the digital discovered how to cover celebrity gossip, political rants, and even the weather? of us, weof the three agree that the story ahead is going to be far more interesting even than the story we have told . we hope you will stay tuned to what we have done and more importantly to this evolving spread. we have a warning. watch out for the riptide. don't get washed out to sea the next time it rolls in, because it always does. thank you very much and have a great evening. [applause] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2013] [captioning performed by national captioning institute]

>> the obama administration is delaying yet another aspect of the health care law. an online health insurance marketplace for small businesses is being put off until november, 2014. in a conference call with reporters, administration officials said employers who want to buy marketplace plans for their workers now will need to go through an agent, broker, or insurance company to buy coverage this year instead of using the government website give the associated press says the small business marketplace was supposed to provide employers a new way to shop for coverage. the delay was met with frustration. some of that frustration coming from members of congress. the energy and commerce committee released a statement saying in part, "piecemeal delays and working outside of congress to issue regulations does nothing to solve the fact that this law

remains a tremendous failure that still, two months into open enrollment, is not even 80% operational." certainly, health care will be part of the conversation this evening on "q&a." dr. toby cosgrove is president and ceo of the cleveland clinic. he talks about rising costs in implementing new regulations. here is a preview. >> what do you think? >> i think what we have to understand is what is going on in health care across the country. we have gotten ourselves in a situation where we knew we had to change health care. health care has become so expensive in the united states that it is now consuming 18% of the gdp. it is starting to even the things like dictation and other social programs that we want and need to have. we are more expensive than any other country in the world. thatve to harness inflation rate. we have to control it and bring

the cost down so that we can remain competitive. we have been at this a long time. beginning to dry this is a process that started several years ago. we have tried to begin to make our health care delivery more efficient. we have consolidated services in hospitals. we have closed one hospital that bed two miles from a 2000- hospital. we have consolidated services. he consolidated services for westract tricks -- consolidated services for obstetrics. we consolidated services from five trauma centers 23, we saw a 20% improvement in mortality rates -- from five we sawcenters to three,

20% improvement in mortality rates. a lot of things are coming to a head. have concentrated on taking out costs over the last couple of years, for example things like purchasing. we took $180 million out of purchasing. we have done things like eliminated redundancies. we have put blocks and so you cannot order redundant lab tests and eliminated some -- put blocks in so you cannot order redundant lab tests. dr. toby cosgrove, president and ceo of the cleveland clinic. you can watch that interview in its entirety tonight at 7:30 p.m. eastern. tonight at 8:00 eastern on c- span, we will show you president lyndon johnson's speech to the nation following the assassination of president john f. kennedy. span two, the discussion of forensics and genetics in the

criminal justice system. and on c-span3, clinton informationon gathering during the bosnian war -- intelligence gathering during the bosnian war. >> the 60s were -- the 60s were different. [laughter] and there were a lot of things happening involving race, the breakdown in the structure of society. i was suddenly out of the , andary and in new england there were no rules. things were falling apart. without structure, it is very difficult to navigate. i was extremely fortunate to be at holy cross. i was extremely fortunate to still have a residual of the way i was raised and the structure that the nuns had given me, the structure that seminary had given me. i was also extremely fortunate,

because i has also been in predominantly white schools. i was the only black kid in my high school in savannah. to transition to a school with in a verylacks difficult set of circumstances academically and otherwise, i had sort of a jumpstart. i was ahead of the game. it allowed me to continue to do well, even though it was very difficult. >> thanksgiving on c-span. hear from two supreme court justices. terrence thomas and elena kagan -- clarence thomas and elena kagan. also, deborah solomon on the life and art of norman rockwell. on c-span3's american history tv, the 150th anniversary of the gettysburg address. the 10 sentences president lincoln spoke.

>> 175 years ago, a white southerner from charleston, south carolina, named angelina grimke, became the first american woman to address a legislative body. she spoke before the masses uses state legislator -- the massachusetts state legislature. coming up, this is just over two hours. [applause]

>> welcome, everyone. moderatoryour evening . we are here tonight to explore how women become political. we will look at the past and the future,and consider the too. there will be some remarks and the panel of discussion you'd regretfully, senator elizabeth warren is not able to join us because she needs to be in washington. someone has to work. she is there to work in the senate. [applause] has made a short video for us that we will share place of the remarks she would have given. during the evening, we invite you to tweak and send your questions in via twitter at -- to tweet and send your questions in via twitter at #womenpoli2013. also, silence your cell phones right now.

everybody moving to silence the cell phones? good. and for those who could not attend tonight, the good news is that the event is being taped by the grimke event committee for anding via the website by c-span for viewing later on this fall. this event has come together through the tremendous efforts of a great many people and organizations. the program book gives the complete details. we want to highlight the three most important. the first is the grimke event committee. women, of accomplished the prime movers behind this event. they hope it will inspire girls and women of diverse backgrounds to embrace politics as their world. you will find them and their message in the program book. andsecond is the ambassador two organizations she founded. her vision for women in politics

has helped to transform the landscape. she will be joining our panel. the third is the cohost for this event, simmons college. [applause] simmons college is led by -- ident helen they have provided significant support for this event. inan is the eighth president of simmons college. she has used her business and leadership experience to guide the institution to a position of competitive strength financially, operationally, and academically. advocate ofadfast women's education as a pathway to success and has used the platform of college president to advance and highlight the importance of women in leadership positions. president helen drinan of

simmons college. [applause] >> thank you. good evening from all of us at simmons college. we are honored to serve as the major academic sponsor for this event. when gloria steinem visited , shens last spring explained to us that anyone who believes in equal rights for both men and women is a feminist. surely the woman we celebrate this evening, angelina grimke, was not only an abolitionist but also an early feminist. i would also like to suggest to you that the founder of simmons college, john simmons, a true ally of women of his age, was also a feminist. at the very time in 1838 that

angelina grimke was speaking to the massachusetts state legislature against slavery and for a woman's right to vote, only a mile away in the north simmons was actively growing his tailoring business, employing many women here in boston and in the countryside around the city. having observed that most of his customers fell into standard sizes, he departed from custom tailoring and innovated the retail industry by creating the men's off the rack suit. by the mid-1860's, at the end of the civil war, john simmons had become the largest clothing manufacturer in the entire united states. at the time of his death in 1870, his will record his intention for his great wealth -- to found and endow an institution to be called simmons female college, for the purpose

of teaching branches of art, science, and industry, best calculated to enable the scholars to acquire an independent livelihood. recognizing the importance of being able to move beyond the , toal work and menial wages which most women of the day were subject, john simmons has enabled generations of women to lead and self advocate, empowered with their own resources. those of us who have benefited so enormously from john simmon'' philanthropy are delighted to be here with all of you, to bear witness to the great work of our founder foster ps contemporary contemporary,'s angelina grimke. we hope you will enjoy the evening. thank you for joining us. [applause]

, all right. we have some power houses in the audience with us tonight, not just here on the stage. we want to acknowledge some of the remarkable women who are president -- who are present as well as their male allies. i want to ask each group to stand and remain standing. please hold your applause until the end. i know that will be tough. we are honored to have present tonight a number of women who toe each the first woman hold a different statewide office. i asked that they stand while you hold your applause. first womany, the elected lieutenant governor. the first woman elected state treasurer. the first woman to serve as governor. martha coakley, the first woman elected state attorney general. the first woman elected state auditor.

and, of course, the sixth person who is a part of this group though not with us tonight, elizabeth warren, the first woman senator from massachusetts in the u.s. senate. let's have a little applause right there. [applause] in addition, we have a number of other important female elected officials. female elected officials, some of -- some of whom are with us tonight. steve grossman, treasurer of the commonwealth. and would other male elected officials stand who are here tonight in support of the cause of women in politics? [applause]

tonight's event was sparked by a milestone in women's political activism 175 years ago right here in boston. angelina grimke, a white southerner from charleston, south carolina, became the first american woman to address the legislative body. tonight, we are honored to have grandson withat- us. please give him applause. [applause] purpose inimke's addressing the legislative body was to present petitions bearing the signatures of 20,000 massachusetts women, black and

white, to a joint committee of the general court. the petitioners sought to have congress end slavery in the district of columbia. before grimke spoke about the issue of slavery, she knew she had to address the elephant in the room -- the fact that she was a woman giving a speech to a group of elected officials, not to mention her other audience -- all the men and women who had crowded into the house chamber. hers was a radical act in 1838, not only because women could not vote or run for office but also because of the firm societal conviction that women did not belong in what was called the public sphere. indeed, a woman who spoke to a mixed audience of men and women gather for any purpose was eductressd a -- a s since she was putting her body on display before men. in the remarks we will hear tonight, which are the only parts of the grimke speech that

exist today, she tackled the charge of seductress head-on by distancing her unorthodox action from that of another woman, the famous biblical woman, queen esther of persia. grimke's bible-reading audience knew that esther lived in a heroin. -- a harmem. it was not her place to request anything of hurricane. one day, risking her life, she begged him to save her people. actress to share the opening of angelina grimke's speech that day. [applause] >> february 21, 1838.

than 2,000n, more their dark anded bloody waters down the rocky, winding channel of time into the since aean of eternity woman's voice was heard in the palace of an eastern monarch and a woman's position -- petition achieved this of action -- the salvation of millions of her race from the edge of the sword. the queen of persia, if queen she might be called, who was but the mistress of her voluptuous lord, trained in the secret abominations of an oriental harem had studied to deeply the character not to know the sympathies of his heart could not be reached, except through the medium of his sensual appetites. hence we find her arrayed in ro

yal apparel, standing in the inner court of the king's house, hoping by her personal charms to win the favor of her lord. and after the golden scepter had been held out and inquiry was queenwhat will thou, esther, and what is thy request, it shall be given thee to half of my kingdom, even then, she dared not ask for her own life or that of her people. she felt that if her mission of mercy was to be successful, his animal propensities must be still more powerfully wrought upon. the luxury us feast must be prepared. the banquet of wine must be served up. the favorable moment must be

seized. gluttony andith intoxication, the king's heart was fit to be operated upon by the appeal. if i have found favor in thy sight, o king, and if it please life be, let my given at my petition and my people at my request. it was thus, through personal charms and sensual gratification and individual influence that the queen of persia obtained the precious boon she craved -- her own life and the life of her beloved people. chairman, it is my privilege to stand before you on a similar mission of life and love. i thank god we live in an age of

the world to online and -- too to --ghtened i feel that it would be an insult to the committee were i to a rami person -- to array my person in gold or silver or costly apparel or by inviting them to our take of the luxurious -- to partake of the luxurious feast. i understand the spirit of the age to well to believe that you could be moved by such sensual means, means as unworthy of you as they would be beneath the dignity of the cause of humanity. i feel that if you are to be reached at all, it will not be i shallt by the truths endeavor to present to your understanding and your hearts. the heart of the eastern

espot was reached through the lowest propensities of his animal nature by personal influence. be reachedow, cannot but through the loftier sentiments of intellectual and moral feelings. you as a citizen, on behalf of the 20,000 women of massachusetts whose names are enrolled on petitions which have been submitted to the legislature of which you are the organ. these petitions relate to the great and solemn subject of american slavery, a subject fraught with the deepest interest to the republic, whether we regarded in its political, -- regard it in its political, moral, or cultural aspect. because it is political, it has often been tauntingly said that

a woman has nothing to do with it. are we aliens because we are women? of citizenship because we are the mothers, wives, and daughters of a mighty people? have women no country, no interest, stake in public we'll -- public will, no partnership in a nation's guilt and shame? let the history of the world answer these queries. read the din annunciation's of jehovah -against -- the d enunciation of jehovah against the crimes of israel's daughters. her wielding her power too often to debase and destroy

rather than to elevate and save. women rule said that the world through their influence over men. well hiden may we our faces in the dust and cover ourselves with sackcloth and ashes. it has not been through women's moral and intellectual power but through the baser passions of man. of women must be resigned, the sooner the better. in the age which is approaching, she should be something more. she should be a citizen. and this title, which demands an increase of knowledge and of reflection, opens before her and you entire -- opens before her a new empire. i hold, mr. chairman, that

american have to do with this subject not only because it is moral and religious but because it is political. inasmuch as we are citizens of our republic and as such, honor, happiness, and well-being are bound up in its politics and government and laws. i stand before you as a southerner, exiled from the land of my birth by the sound of the lash and the pitious cry of the slave. i stand before you as a repentant slaveholder. i stand before you as a moral being, endowed with the precious and inalienable rights which are correlative with solemn duties and high responsibilities. as a moral being, i feel i owe

it to the suffering slave and to the deluded master, to my country and to the world to do all i can to overturn a system of complicated crimes built on the broken hearts and prostate bodies of my countrymen's in chain -- my countrymen in chains, cemented by the blood, sweat, and tears of my sisters in bonds. thank you. [applause] [applause] >> anne gottlieb. anne gottlieb as angelina

grimke, fabulous. angelina grimke's actions built a foundation for women who became political after her. let's hear from three of those women, each of whom has her own story to tell about her path to political action. gloria steinem is a writer, lecturer, and feminist activist, and i would say so much more. [applause] >> i never imagined that i would be following angelina grimke. [laughter] in another way, i have always been following angelina grimke. and sojourner truth and frederick douglass and shirley leaders and all of our who have always understood that casteain past -- twin

systems of sex and race are intertwined and can only be uprooted together. i have been asked by lucy knight, from whose forehead -- who was it who came from the head of zeus? >> athena. >> thank you. sprung, toence has speak personally about how i became political. so, i'm hyperaware that i had an advantage that angelina did not who, ifhich is a mother you said the word roosevelt to her, tears came to her eyes because she was so convinced that eleanor and franklin had understood us, despite being born class levels above us, had cared about us during the depression, and had rescued us from her days of making soup out

of potato peelings and my sister's coat out of a blanket. , i of my childhood years heard a story of life that included politics. it was just something you did everyday. it wasn't a career. it wasn't something removed, certainly. it was an organic part of our lives, something we needed to live. then after college, i went to india, where i lived for two years. there i saw people lined up for days,two, three, four almost as long as florida -- [laughter] hadote because independents -- independence had taught them

how important that power was. they knew very clearly that the only place on earth where the is equal to the least powerful is the voting booth. and it is still true to this day that the young and the poor in india vote more than the older and the well-to-do, the very opposite of the voting patterns we see here ourselves. tried to work on a campaign, however, on a mimeograph machine -- how many people here remember the word mimeograph? [laughter] i was told, with some other young women, to hide in a room upstairs because they were afraid we would be seen as having an affair with a candidate. this sums up the role of women inside campaigns at that point. but nonetheless, i could see

that campaigns were incredibly open.ng, people could come in off the street and help. hooked onmmediately the whole process of campaigning. and i stayed hooked as a volunteer for a very long time. -- ugh kennedy i think i was sent out to get pizza all the time in the kennedy campaign. through lbj -- we ran a discotheque for lbj. [laughter] theit really wasn't until women's movement came along that it became clear to me and to so many of us that we would not be able to be active politically unless we had a force outside either party by ourselves, on our own, bringing up the issues.

and i would like to say on this subject of parties that the republican party was his torque we better about women's equality than the democratic party -- was aboutically better women's equality than the democratic party. it is the republican party that has deserted women, not that women have deserted the republican party. we worked to get our issues into the mcgovern campaign. the only time i ever ran for office myself was as a delegate for shirley chisholm, clearly going to lose, but determined nonetheless. i testified in congress for the equal rights amendment mainly because someone told me i should . it didn't ever occur to me that anyone other than a constitutional authority would be testifying there. i worked on my testimony for weeks. it made no difference whatsoever.

aboutegan to think more organizing outside the campaigns and the political structure. i think that has been my path ever since, with the national women's political caucus, with voters for choice. it is possible for us to both educate on the issues, educate the candidates and the people in the party on the issues, and gather the constituency around those issues so we have the power to see that they will succeed. you. a path i recommend to activist am a classic volunteer. i have never had a paid position. i have written speeches. i have worked in campaigns but never actually been paid because i think i thought if i were an employee i wouldn't be able to

press, to say, you know, this is what is necessary to get this kind of support. but i always remembered my ,other, who used to say "democracy is something you do everyday." democracy is like brushing your teeth. it has to be something we do every day. otherwise, the power will be taken away from us. i thought of this especially after the 2000 election, when i happened to be speaking at palm beach county community college the morning after the election, quite by accident. there were about 700 people in that auditorium. over the next few hours, we had no idea of the outcome, whether it would be bush or gore. we didn't know. but people began to stand up and

say how their boat had been taken away from them -- their vote had been taken away from them, that they were kept away by police cars, or that their buses had come from a senior home and taken them to the wrong place, or that they only realized afterwards that the nature of the ballot had caused them to vote for a candidate they did not know they were voting for. and slowly, of about the 720 people in the auditorium, more than 100 had been unable to vote. i took their names and addresses and i gave them to lawyers. said he wasd up and a veteran. -- shee of his daughter said the name of his daughter. would i stay and help the march against this illegal election? i say that because it made me -- and all the

subsequent events, which -- the ruling of the supreme court and so on. if i ever wondered how important it is that we are all political, that hinged it -- clinched it. i remembered that in missouri three decades before, more or less, i had campaigned for harriet woods for the senate of the united states, and she had been within one percentage point but she ran out of money. the television ads were very negative. she lost by a very heartbreaking margin. john danforth became the center for missouri. -- the senator from missouri. that was a long time before, right? it was less than 2000 votes that made the difference. it was so clearly about money and about last-minute money --

her race was the inspiration for starting emily's list, which means early money is like yeast. it was clear that she should and could have won. because she lost, because not enough people in missouri and not enough women voted, danforth had once hired in his attorney general's office a young man named clarence thomas, who had left his studies at -- as a catholic priest to go to law school. out this raret black conservative, took him out of his job as a corporate lawyer for monsanto -- [laughter] made him a legislative aide and championed his career every step of the way. thomas became chair of the equal employment opportunities commission where he dismantled class-action suits and so on, where he made every member of

his staff watch "the fount ainhead" because he was a devotee of ayn rand -- you cannot make this stuff up. he served on the d.c. court of appeals. we all know what happened. so, i just want to say to you that when we think about our individual votes and our activism, we need to remember the parable about for want of a nail, the horseshoe is lost. for want of a horseshoe, the horse is lost. for want of a horse, the battle is lost. because of clarence thomas' vot e on the supreme court, this should be a mantra for everyone who thinks voting doesn't matter -- if harriet woods had not been narrowly defeated by danforth, he would not have been a senator . if he had not been a senator, he would not have taken clarence

thomas with him to washington. if he had not had those credentials, he would not have been nominated for the supreme court. if he had not been on the supreme court, he would not have been the one-vote margin that halted the recount and put the second president bush in the white house even though independent counsel later showed that gore had won the state of florida. 2 couldn't have caused yet another optional war in iraq , the biggest transfer of wealth from public to private hands in the history of the nation, another optional war in iraq, a high-level disbelief in global warming, public schools with abstinence only sex education and forced by federal funding

that helps to create the highest unwanted pregnancy rate in the entire developed world or an executive order giving billions in tax dollars to faith-based centers of right-wing political rule, or the global gag that deprived four countries of u.s. foreign aid if they offered any information about abortion, even with their own funds, or corporate profiteering on privatized wars abroad as well as privatized prisons at home, prisons we don't need and yet the state legislatures vote and are run by corporations. prisongher population in as a result than any other country in the world. or corporate ceos whose salary rose from 30 times that of the average worker before the right- wing backlash took over washington to an average of 8000 times. or an unregulated financial industry that led to financial

worldwide economic meltdown or an even greater polarization of people and nations into rich and poor. or the turning of terrorism from a cause for global unity into a cause for deeper global division. and so, so much more. so, each of us is the nail, and each of us can win the battle. thank you. [applause] , thank you. -- >> thank you. [applause] ayanna pressley is boston city council are at large. she is our next speaker. top of the to get the first go round and the top of the ticket in the preliminary elections for boston -- top of the ticket the

first go round in the top of the ticket in the preliminary elections for boston. [applause] >> well, good evening. today, we commemorate this is audacioushe historian demonstration of our fellow sister, angelina grimke, who went boldly before the general court in 1838 to proclaim, "i stand before you as a citizen." today, we pay tribute to grimke and acknowledge this moment. and i, for one, am so very grateful that we are. as a black woman, i know i am certainly -- we all are beneficiaries of her bold action . but what i also know is that moment, the one we honor here today, was a very long time in the making. oath in the personal evolution of grimke -- both in the

personal evolution of grimke, for the abolitionists and women's movement, and for our country. you see, before angelina was a woman, she was a girl. for me, the conversation must begin there. before we can even begin to consider how women become political, let's first address the girl on the journey to womanhood. i spend time with every day, the girl that exists girl wholl of us, the is stunted in her development and empowerment because she lives in a world that all too often refuses to see her, to listen to her. the 18-year-old college freshman who wants to run for student government president but instead settles for secretary. the 17-year-old girl who doesn't raise her hand in class. the openly gay 15-year-old girl

who feels unsafe in her community and at school. the 16-year-old girl who feels the graded when men holler at her while she is walking down the street -- who feels degraded when men holler at her while she is walking down the street. rl who is inold gi an unhealthy relationship with her first love. and the 12-year-old girl who does not believe she can excel at math or science. broken girls grow up to be broken women. as a society, we quite simply cannot afford that. i strive daily to chip away at systemic lies and social determinants like poverty and that contribute to the brokenness of so many of our girls. the chief issue is something ist is a charter to get at, the insidious and permeating impact of girls who do not know their worth, who don't know

their power. i know something about that. for many years and for many reasons, i struggled to stand fully in my power. i allowed others to determine when and where i would enter. i didn't feel good enough, smart enough, ready. those nagging feelings, that mental tape of unworthiness that i played in my head was an nlbatross, and impediment -- a impediment, and the shackle that i did not even know i was wearing. as i young girl, i met with this life epiphany when i suddenly realize that although my troubled past informed my present, i certainly didn't have to be hostage to that past. well, i was finally able to stand fully in my own power and, in that moment, liberate myself, and ultimately set on a pathway

to a position where i liberate legions of girls and women daily who similarly struggle. as i consider my journey to becoming political, i suppose i could tell you it was in church where i first learned to stand before an audience and project my voice and command the attention of a room. i suppose i could tell you about my mother, my shero, her inspiring example as a tenant organizer and activist for the urban league, how she sacrificed her very life to ensure that i would never be denied or deprived an opportunity in life, that she taught me the very best thing about politics. that is the strength and the power of advocacy. and she demonstrated that by her example in that she was a fierce advocate for me. i suppose i could tell you how running and being elected to numerous high school and college leadership positions provided a

.reat political training ground i guess i could then tell you about the rarefied a lyrical tutelage i received as an intern and later an aide. you that i have made history twice because the people of this great city and trusted me -- great city entrusted me with the awesome responsibility and honor of representing you. i could tell you all of these things, or i could just tell you the truth. it almost didn't happen. the great shirley chisholm, a shero of mine, when asked how she wanted to be remembered, said that she didn't want to be remembered as the first black woman elected to the congress nor as the first black woman to pursue the u.s. presidency. instead, she simply wanted to be remembered as a black woman who

dared to be herself. so, sisters, this is our -- tonge and our charge ensure that every girl feels empowered to dare to be themselves. because you see, only then will they ever fully truly dare to be political. thank you. [applause] >> all right. [applause] elizabeth warren is the u.s. senator from massachusetts. while she greatly regrets she cannot be with us tonight, she sent us a video instead. please note that this video was taped before the events of the

government shutdown. [laughter] evening and thank you to the grimke event planning committee for inviting me to join you tonight. could be with you in person but we are going to have to settle for this video. i'm glad to be here to mark the anniversary of angelina grimke's historic speech to the massachusetts general assembly and the 20,000 massachusetts women who joined her position -- petition to end slavery. it is an incredible time to celebrate the legacy of courageous women in the abolitionist movement. their efforts grew into the fight for suffrage and for equal rights. is also aersary reminder of the powerful impact we can have one we make our voices heard and we stand up for what we believe in. i never planned to get into

politics. i spent pretty much my whole career as a teacher and as a law professor. i talked bankruptcy and did research on the economic squeeze on middle class families. and then i got a call from a congressman who asked me to help advise a federal commission that was being set up to review the bankruptcy laws. at first i told him no. i don't like politics and i didn't want to get involved here but he had a hook -- to get involved. but he had a hook. he persuaded me that i would have a chance to fight for working families. so, i've made my first trip to washington. for me, this first effort to try to help shape the laws that affect the lives of summoning -- of so many people ended up being about deep faith, faith that if we work hard and work together, we can make a difference that really matters. another. led to bringing some accountability to

the bank bailouts, adding a consumer agency, setting up that agency. when i first proposed to protect people from the tricks and traps of big banks and ready card companies, people said -- and credit card companies, people said it will never happen because washington lobbyist would make it a first priority to stop us. and they fought us every inch of the way. but we organized and we brought together a broad coalition. and we won. and now the consumer agency is making a difference, holding big banks accountable. -- it hasady returned already returned more than $800 million to people who were cheated on their credit cards and other financial products. at is pretty amazing. i am grateful to everyone who urged me to go ahead and jump in, to do oversight, to set up an agency, to run for the united states senate. i am grateful to chris i have

had great opportunities to make a real difference -- i'm grateful because i have had great opportunities to make a real difference for working families. i am proud to be serving as the first woman elected to the senate for massachusetts. i am proud to fight for a level playing field for people all across the commonwealth. so, i just want to say thank you for inviting me to be part of this event. we need more women to get involved in politics, to run for office, to make their voices heard, to fight for what they believe in, just like angelina grimke did 175 years ago right here in massachusetts. so, thanks for your work. keep up the fight. [applause] , now that ms. steinem -- >> now that miss steinem, senator warren, have set the stage, i am

pleased to invite both ambassador swanee hunt and kerry healey, president of babson a former lieutenant governor of massachusetts and cochair of the lyrical p -- of political parity. [applause] >> is that isaiah who sits there? >> no. >> that's the senator. [laughter] >> empty chair. ambassador hunt and president lead, -- healy, you political parity. it is a nonpartisan organization dedicated to increasing the number of women serving in the highest level of government. you have her released -- you have released a report looking at states who had elected women

to the highest offices and those that have not. us a brief explanation before we open the discussion. >> what we found is that when they do oribe why don't run, it is quite different in terms of the level of office. when you're talking about, for example, women running for congress or the governors' seats, which is what we are focusing on, by the time they get to that level, they are talking about i want to go in and i want to change the structure. when they are thinking about running at lower levels, it is about causes. but really it is about reform when you get to the top. so, it is a different kind of encouragement and training they need at that point. we also found this real core corroborationeal

that women, they need to be asked over and over and over. that is one of the things that is really striking to me in terms of the people who are watching this panel here. i just think about the fact that gloria, you asked them to run. that is one. and ayanna. and i'm asking you to run. that means that you all have to ask each other now four times. so, each person here in this audience or watching this some other way and texting somebody has to do four asks of your friends and then we are there. [laughter] >> do you want to add a little bit about your brainstorm, your brilliant idea about twinning in states and our research? >> it is so cool. [laughter] or fivedone about four pieces of research.

you can go on the website and look it up. my favorite one was when you look at the map of the united states and you note how many women senators are actually in pairs, from california, , and then, whatever if you start noticing how many have like one senator and one governor -- it becomes clear that it is not random. in my earlier time thinking, well, if you have one woman already and then, if you start noting how many have like one senator, one woman senator and one woman